introductory econometrics goldberger exercises solutions onship between consumer expenditure (Y) and disposable income (X) using provided data. Test whether income significantly affects expenditure at a 5% significance level. Solution: Model specification: \(Y = \beta_0 + \beta_1 X + \varepsilon\) Estimate parameters: Use OLS to compute \(\hat{\beta}_0\) E Eva Grady Oct 27, 2025
